同行评审过程是必不可少的质量控制手段。同行评审是指专家评估学术论文的过程,其目的是确保高质量的论文发表。但是,同行评审并不决定接受或拒绝论文。他们最多为编辑判定提供建议。对于同行评审期刊,判定权完全属于期刊编辑或期刊编辑部。事实上,期刊编辑才是决策的核心。1
期刊决策过程
一般来说,论文投递至一家期刊后,期刊编辑将对论文稿进行筛选并决定是否将其送出进行完全的同行评审。只有通过初步筛选后,论文才会送给一位或多位同行评审员。最后,期刊编辑或期刊编辑委员会将对同行评审员的报告进行评估,并做出接受或拒绝论文发表的最终决定。
初步筛选
期刊的年投稿量约为3百万篇。1由于的数量巨大,越来越多的期刊在将论文送出进行完全同行评审前,都采取论文筛选的策略
同行评审员和编辑必须对是否发表达成一致意见吗?
编辑的判定原则各有不同:某些编辑即使有一名同行评审员建议拒绝就会拒绝,某些编辑在大多数评审员建议拒绝时才拒绝,而有些编辑只有在所有评审员建议拒绝时才会拒绝。2
同行评审员通常会对同一篇论文提供相冲突的反馈。8,9某期刊述评甚至表示“评审员之间达成完全一致非常罕见,” 10在反馈发生冲突时,期刊编辑在作出决定前可能选择将论文送给另一位评审员进行评审。这样,作者等待同行评审过程完成的时间将会更长。
实际上,评审员推荐接受的几率大于拒绝。10期刊编辑最终会拒绝很多同行评审员建议发表的论文,他们根据自己对论文是否发表的判断做出最后决定。因此,同行评审的作用可视为帮助作者改进论文,而不是决定其是否发表,而后者是期刊编辑的工作。
结论
因为投稿的数量巨大,顶级期刊通常会因各种原因,如投稿量巨大或与期刊的编辑重点不一致,甚至拒绝高质量论文。2虽然评审员和编辑对明显达不到发表标准的论文很容易达成一致意见,但判定可发表的论文却是个困难的挑战。12最后,期刊编辑根据期刊论文发表标准和评审员的建议,作出接受或拒绝论文的判定。10
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