句子开头最好是什么?
一个句子应该以大写字母开头。虽然这似乎也太明显了,但是很多作者常常忘记这一点。大写字母会吸引读者的注意力,并提醒他们文本即将发生变化。语句要既能清晰地传达信息,又不需要读者费很大劲去理解你在说什么,因此大多数句子的第一个词是名词或动词。恰当的开头加上正确的标点符号结尾,就可以清晰地告诉读者这是一个句子。
句子开头应该避免哪些词?
论文中存在的两大问题是在句子开头使用数字或并列连词(如for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so等)。
下面我们看看一些错误的例子以及解决方案。
“23 rats were randomly divided into several groups.” (23只大鼠被随机分为几个组)
解决方案1:“There were 23 rats that were randomly divided into several groups.”(将23只大鼠随机分为几组。)作者可以通过在数字前面加上“There were”轻而易举地消除这个问题。
解决方案2:“Twenty-three rats were randomly divided into several groups.”(将23只大鼠随机分为几个组。)虽然许多写作指南通常要求将数字1–9拼写出来,而用阿拉伯数字表示10及以上的数字,但是将句子开头的数字(无论大小)拼写出来,是一种写作指南允许,并且符合语法的信息传达方式。
错误:“And 23 rats were randomly divided into several groups.”(并且将23只大鼠随机分为几个组)
解决方案1:为了解决这个问题,作者可以简单地将开头的“And”去掉,然后使用上面提到的解决方案之一,这样数字也就不是问题了。
解决方案2:作者还可以在句子的前面加上“In addition”,这样就变成:“In addition, 23 rats were randomly divided into several groups.”(另外,23只大鼠被随机分成几个组。)
解决方案3:根据出了问题的句子与前面的句子的关系,作者也可以把两句结合起来。假设第一句话是:“The rats were allowed to acclimate for two weeks.”(让大鼠适应两周。)作者可以把这两句话放在一起:“Twenty-three rats were allowed to acclimate for two weeks before they were randomly divided into several groups.”(让23只老鼠适应两周,然后将它们随机分成几组。)
错误:“The cat chased the mouse. But the mouse got away.”(猫追老鼠,但是老鼠跑了。)在句子开头使用连词会使句子显得突兀,而且有可能写出一个残缺句,而非一个完整的句子。
解决方案:怎么解决呢?可以用“however”(然而)来连接句子:“The cat chased the mouse; however, the mouse got away.”(猫追着老鼠;然而,老鼠跑了。)这样这个句子就显得更为正式。
同时要注意,“however”(然而)后面需要添加一个逗号,这表示句子中间的自然停顿。